top of page

ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื˜ื•ืง


ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

ื‘ืฉื ืช 1884 ื™ื™ืกื“ื• ืœื™ื•ื ืœื• ืฉื˜ื•ืง (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™) ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื• ืงืจืœื• ืงืžื™ืก, ืืช ื”ืžื–ืงืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื ืœื‘ืจื ื“ื™ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1906 ืคืจืฉ "ืงืžื™ืก" ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืืจื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ "ืฉื˜ื•ืง". ื”ืžื–ืงืงื” ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืืกื˜ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื– ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจื•-ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช. ื”ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื™ืฆืจื” ื”ืžื–ืงืงื” ื ืžื›ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื“ ืœื™ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื‘ื”ื ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ืข ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืงืฉื™ื™ ื”ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืจื›ืฉื” ื—ื‘ืจืช "ืฉื˜ื•ืง ืืช ืงืžื™ืก", ืžื–ืงืงื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืฆ'ื›ื™ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื–ืงื• (Boลพkov) ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงื‘ืงื• ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืžื˜ืจื™ืืกื˜ื”, ื•ืฉื•ื•ืง ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช. ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื˜ื•ืง, ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืงื‘ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1929, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืงื‘ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืœืืžืช ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืืฆื™ื.


ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื ื“ื™

ืขื ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื–ืงืงื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1884, ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจื "ืžื“ื™ืฆื™ื ืœ". ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื’ืจืืคื” ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื ืงืจื "ืืžืคื”" (Ampea). ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ืจื ื“ื™, ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 1935 ื”ืชืคืจืกื ื”ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ "ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืคื™ื™ืŸ". ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ ื–ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉืžื• ื”ืกื•ืคื™ "ืฉื˜ื•ืง-84" ื‘ืฉื ืช 1955, ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื“ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.


ืฉื˜ื•ืง 84' (STOCK '84) ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื™ืงื•ืง, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ื“ืข ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™. ื”ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 4โ€“6 ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืฅ ืืœื•ืŸ ืื˜ื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ื›-VSOP.


ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื•ืง-ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืืกื˜ื”, ื•ืžื—ืกื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืŸ, ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื ืฆื™ื”. ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืขื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื˜ื•ืง ืžืชืจื›ื–ืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ: ื‘ืจื ื“ื™, ื’ืจืืคื”, ืกืงื•ื˜ืฉ ื•ื™ืกืงื™, ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื•ื—, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืœื™ืงืจื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื ืชื–ื™ื. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-32,000,000 ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื ื”, ื‘ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-100 ืืจืฆื•ืช.



ื”ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืงื‘ ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘-1938 ื‘ื ื—ืœืช ื’ื ื™ื (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ) ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ, ื’ื™ืกื• ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื• ืžื•ืจืคื•ื’ื• (ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื ื™ื”ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืืช ืฉื˜ื•ืง ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”). ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืงื‘ ืœื ืชื ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื•. ื•.ืก. ื˜. ื‘ืข"ืž.


ื‘ืฉื ืช 1990 ื ืจื›ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืงื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืœืจื ืจ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืกืจ ืžื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืฉืžื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื™ืงื‘ื™ ื‘ืจืงืŸ. ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ืง 84, ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืงื‘ื™ ื‘ืจืงืŸ. ืงืฉืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉ"ืœื™ื•ื ืœื• ืฉื˜ื•ืง" ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืจื›ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1924 ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื™ื“ ืจืžืช ื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ืง. ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืืœื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื ื•ื•ื” ื™ืขืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™. (ืžืฆื•ื˜ื˜ ืžืชื•ืš: ืฉื˜ื•ืง 84', ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”).


ื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื”

ื‘ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืคื™ื ื” ื—ืžื”, ืžืื•ื“, ืœื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื˜ื•ืง. ืžื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืคื™ื ื” ื—ืžื” (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื). ืฉื ื™ืช, ื–ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืฉืจื“ื• ืืช ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืื™ืชื” ื ืงืจื ืฉื˜ื•ืง 84 ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื ืช ื”ื”ืงืžื” โ€“ 1884. ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื˜ื•ืง ื”ื™ืชื” ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ืช, ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืœืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื•ื ืชืจืžื• ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื—ื•ื•ื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืœื™ื“ ืจืžืช ื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ืชืจืžื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืขื•ื“).


ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืืกืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื•ืฆืจืช ืฉื˜ื•ืง ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื ืช 1938, ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ืงื ื”ืกื ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื•ืขื“ 1948, ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ืงืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” (ืฉืœื”ื™ 2021) ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’, ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืืกืคื ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช: ื. ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ ืžื™ืžื™ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื”, ืฉืžื—ืงื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื™ (ื ืงื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›-15 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš). ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื•ืžื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื ืคืœืชื™. ื‘. ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืจืื•ื•ื” - ืžืงืฆืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ืง ื•ืžืงืฆืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ืจื• ืืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืฉื˜ื•ืง ืœืฆื“ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื ื•ื›ื” โ€“ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœืชื” ื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื–ื”.


ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”: ื”ื“ื™ ืื•ืจ

bottom of page