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"ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: ืื”ื‘ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช"

ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืœื™ 2021



ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ "ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ" (ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ), ื ืคืชื—ื” ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” (ื™ื•ืœื™ 2021), ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื™ืคื” ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ - ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ื, ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ. ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช - ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืคื™ืจื.


ื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” "ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืจืืฉื•ืŸ-ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: ืื”ื‘ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช" ืžืกืคืจืช ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ืจืืฉื•ืŸ-ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืชืจื•ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ื”. ืงืฉืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื“ื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ "ื”ืขืžืžื™". ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืœืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืžื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื”, ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ (ื”ืขืžืžื™), ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื’ืฉื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื—ื–ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, "ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช". ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช.


ืื ืฉื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื”ื‘ื• ื•ื›ื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื” ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ื— ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ื‘ื”ื ื—ืœืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืฉืคืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืชืคื• ืื™ืชื• ืคืขื•ืœื”.


ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืกืœื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžื“ืžืฉืง. ื”ื ื”ื•ืฉืืœื• ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืžื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ืกืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื ืงืจื "ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื". ืคืงื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื™ "ื”ืกืœื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™" ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืžื™ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื”ื–ื”.


ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืงืจ
ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืงืจ

ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื™ื (ื—ืคืฆื™ื, ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“) ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื "ืขื•ืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ", ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื“ื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืขื•ืจื›ื™ื•;ืคืชืง ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ืื™ืชืžืจ ื‘ืŸ ืื‘"ื™), ื”ืžืชืขื“ ืืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื›ื‘ืŸ ืขืฉืจ, ืขื ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘; ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ืช 1890; 'ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข' ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืกื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช1893; ืคื ืงืก ื‘ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ. ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื’ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”.


ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”: ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืงืจ


ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช

ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืขืจืš ื‘ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”.

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